The factory system
The industrial revolution was the transition to new manufacturing[1] processes in the late 1700s. It went from being hand production to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of waterpower, the increasing use of steam power and the development of machine tools.
The rich business people began to build textile mills, or factories, and fill them with the new machines. They got hired workers to run the machines. It was the beginning of the factory system, to bring the workers and machines together to produce cloth.
[1] Fremstilling
The industrial revolution was the transition to new manufacturing[1] processes in the late 1700s. It went from being hand production to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of waterpower, the increasing use of steam power and the development of machine tools.
The rich business people began to build textile mills, or factories, and fill them with the new machines. They got hired workers to run the machines. It was the beginning of the factory system, to bring the workers and machines together to produce cloth.
[1] Fremstilling
Steam Power
The first textile factories built beside river, because the spinning and weaving machines ran on waterpower - The river stream turned the water wheel, then provided power for the machines inside the factory. It was difficult for many of the large machines to work well on waterpower, because the factories had to be built next to a long and fast river.
In the 1760s, were built a steam engine that could run large machines - it was built by a Scottish engineer named James Watt. The factories run by steam power did not have to be located beside rivers.
The first textile factories built beside river, because the spinning and weaving machines ran on waterpower - The river stream turned the water wheel, then provided power for the machines inside the factory. It was difficult for many of the large machines to work well on waterpower, because the factories had to be built next to a long and fast river.
In the 1760s, were built a steam engine that could run large machines - it was built by a Scottish engineer named James Watt. The factories run by steam power did not have to be located beside rivers.
Coal, iron and steel
Britain was rich in both coal an iron, witch where important in the factory system. Steam engines burned coal for fuel[1]. Most machines were made out of iron - iron was used in the beginning of the machines it worn wore out quickly. Steel[2] is made from iron, but it is stronger and last longer - but steel was difficult and costly to make.
In 1856, a British inventor found a new way to make steel inexpensive - he named Henry Bessemer, his method cut the cost of making steel from $200 to $4 a ton. In the time, steel replaced iron of the Industrial Revolution.
[1] Brændsel
[2] stål
Britain was rich in both coal an iron, witch where important in the factory system. Steam engines burned coal for fuel[1]. Most machines were made out of iron - iron was used in the beginning of the machines it worn wore out quickly. Steel[2] is made from iron, but it is stronger and last longer - but steel was difficult and costly to make.
In 1856, a British inventor found a new way to make steel inexpensive - he named Henry Bessemer, his method cut the cost of making steel from $200 to $4 a ton. In the time, steel replaced iron of the Industrial Revolution.
[1] Brændsel
[2] stål
The first industrial Nation
Britain became the first industrial country, for several reasons had Britain lead in the Industrial revolution. They had the resources to invest[1]. Britain was rich in iron and coal. There were many people in the country - to work in the factories, people from the farms that lacked job found it in the factories - There were many people to buy the product, the Britain started to export too many other countries. The popularization doubles.
[1] Investere
Britain became the first industrial country, for several reasons had Britain lead in the Industrial revolution. They had the resources to invest[1]. Britain was rich in iron and coal. There were many people in the country - to work in the factories, people from the farms that lacked job found it in the factories - There were many people to buy the product, the Britain started to export too many other countries. The popularization doubles.
[1] Investere
Task (Work in groups of 3)
- When was the steam engine built? and what could it do?
- What was some of the reasons that Britain became the first industrial country in the World, mention three reasons.
- How important was the steam engine for the British industrialization?
- When was the steam engine built? and what could it do?
- What was some of the reasons that Britain became the first industrial country in the World, mention three reasons.
- How important was the steam engine for the British industrialization?
Improvements in Transportation
The roads was very bad before the industrialtion. The roads was very important, because the factory owners needed ways to transport their products such as cotton, wool and other raw materials. Most of the land transport was by horse-drawn carriage. They was very slowly, and expensive.
In the early 1800 a Scottish engineer named John Maccadam found a new way to make roads. The roads before his idea was bad. In dry weather they were bumpy and dusty. In wet weather they were muddy.
His new way of thinking did that carriage could travel along McAdams roads at ten miles an hour that was a very good speed at that time. McAdam’s was of tightly packed chips of rock.
The roads was very bad before the industrialtion. The roads was very important, because the factory owners needed ways to transport their products such as cotton, wool and other raw materials. Most of the land transport was by horse-drawn carriage. They was very slowly, and expensive.
In the early 1800 a Scottish engineer named John Maccadam found a new way to make roads. The roads before his idea was bad. In dry weather they were bumpy and dusty. In wet weather they were muddy.
His new way of thinking did that carriage could travel along McAdams roads at ten miles an hour that was a very good speed at that time. McAdam’s was of tightly packed chips of rock.
Railroads
The next great improvement in land transportation was the rail roads. In the early 1800s British investors put steam engines on wheels. They called the engines locomotives. Before that, British miners had been using vans on wheels to pull ore along iron rails or tracks. The vans were pulled by donkeys.
The first successful railroad was built by a British engineer named George Stephenson. His railroads carried raw materials and products over 24 miles of track. People could start use the railroads at to travel in 1850, it was Stephenson who opened the line for passengers. In 1850, britian had thousands of miles of railroad track.
The next great improvement in land transportation was the rail roads. In the early 1800s British investors put steam engines on wheels. They called the engines locomotives. Before that, British miners had been using vans on wheels to pull ore along iron rails or tracks. The vans were pulled by donkeys.
The first successful railroad was built by a British engineer named George Stephenson. His railroads carried raw materials and products over 24 miles of track. People could start use the railroads at to travel in 1850, it was Stephenson who opened the line for passengers. In 1850, britian had thousands of miles of railroad track.
Water Transportation
Another great improvement for the transport sector was the water transportation. British engineers dug water canals all across the country. They made rivers wider and deeper. The water transport was improved after the invention of the steamboat. It was an American named Robert Fulton who build the first succesfull steamboat in 1807. Fulton’s boat used steam power as fuel for the boat. Steamboats became very popular, they were travelling up and down rivers in United states, Britan and across Europe.
Another great improvement for the transport sector was the water transportation. British engineers dug water canals all across the country. They made rivers wider and deeper. The water transport was improved after the invention of the steamboat. It was an American named Robert Fulton who build the first succesfull steamboat in 1807. Fulton’s boat used steam power as fuel for the boat. Steamboats became very popular, they were travelling up and down rivers in United states, Britan and across Europe.
Advances in technology
Business and trade grew, business people needed faster ways to communicate with their factories and customers. Communication was very slow in the beginning of the industrial revolution. It often took a long time to deliver messages to each other, sometimes it could take months. The electricity was the new source of power in the 1800s and it helped the communication to be better. It was in the 1830 that scientists built machines and generators so they could produce electricity.
New forms of communication
Samuel Morese: In 1837 an Inventor named Samel Morse built an electric telegraph. It used electricity to send messages over wires.
Alexander Graham Bell: He produced the first telephone. His telephone turned sound into electricial signals that moved over wires. For the first time people could talk with each over great distances.
Guglielmo Marconi: in 1895 he came with a device that could send electric signals without using wires. It was called “wireless” or radio. In 1901 he sent the first radio message across the Atlantic Ocean.
Airplanes
The advance in the in the technology changed the land transport completely. In the United states there was two brothers Wilbur and Orville Wrights who used gasoline engine to power a flying machine. In 1903 the Wright brothers flew the first airplane in the world.
Business and trade grew, business people needed faster ways to communicate with their factories and customers. Communication was very slow in the beginning of the industrial revolution. It often took a long time to deliver messages to each other, sometimes it could take months. The electricity was the new source of power in the 1800s and it helped the communication to be better. It was in the 1830 that scientists built machines and generators so they could produce electricity.
New forms of communication
Samuel Morese: In 1837 an Inventor named Samel Morse built an electric telegraph. It used electricity to send messages over wires.
Alexander Graham Bell: He produced the first telephone. His telephone turned sound into electricial signals that moved over wires. For the first time people could talk with each over great distances.
Guglielmo Marconi: in 1895 he came with a device that could send electric signals without using wires. It was called “wireless” or radio. In 1901 he sent the first radio message across the Atlantic Ocean.
Airplanes
The advance in the in the technology changed the land transport completely. In the United states there was two brothers Wilbur and Orville Wrights who used gasoline engine to power a flying machine. In 1903 the Wright brothers flew the first airplane in the world.
Task (Work in Groups of 3)
- Who was John Maccadam?
- What was the new forms of Communications?
- What is the name of the Brother who flew the first airplane?
- Who was John Maccadam?
- What was the new forms of Communications?
- What is the name of the Brother who flew the first airplane?
The workers
Years was passing and many people started to live in the cities, and that have caused a lot of dirt and smell in the cities, and many people started to get diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera, houses could not be built fast enough for the people moving into the cities. In addition, some people get that smart idea to make money out of all those people who cannot find/afford a home so they made money by renting rooms to workers and often they were many people in one room. Soon they were slum everywhere. Because of people, who lived in so bad condition, many people started to drink alcohol and commit crime.
To work in a factory was not the best job in the world and the working condition was bad and the workers was low paid and one person could not support the families so both of the parent have to work including the children. If the workers demanded to be higher paid, the workers would certainly be fired because the job was so highly requested.
Some workers come up with an idea, to make some sort of organization called labor unions. The organization spoke for the right of the workers, and later on, laws were made for working women and children.
Years was passing and many people started to live in the cities, and that have caused a lot of dirt and smell in the cities, and many people started to get diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera, houses could not be built fast enough for the people moving into the cities. In addition, some people get that smart idea to make money out of all those people who cannot find/afford a home so they made money by renting rooms to workers and often they were many people in one room. Soon they were slum everywhere. Because of people, who lived in so bad condition, many people started to drink alcohol and commit crime.
To work in a factory was not the best job in the world and the working condition was bad and the workers was low paid and one person could not support the families so both of the parent have to work including the children. If the workers demanded to be higher paid, the workers would certainly be fired because the job was so highly requested.
Some workers come up with an idea, to make some sort of organization called labor unions. The organization spoke for the right of the workers, and later on, laws were made for working women and children.
The changing point
People grew in the cities and many people try to stand up for their rights, democracy grew and capitalism was more for business men and socialism and communism was more for the workers the one who revealed communism was Karl max and Friedrich Engels.
The industrial revolution led to a rising standard of living for many people in United State and Europe. A British worker could buy four times more goods than a worker could have bought in 1801.
Instead of marrying young, the women get the opportunity to work in the factory. It then develops to women getting an education, and the women pursuing higher paid jobs such as doctors and lawyers.
People grew in the cities and many people try to stand up for their rights, democracy grew and capitalism was more for business men and socialism and communism was more for the workers the one who revealed communism was Karl max and Friedrich Engels.
The industrial revolution led to a rising standard of living for many people in United State and Europe. A British worker could buy four times more goods than a worker could have bought in 1801.
Instead of marrying young, the women get the opportunity to work in the factory. It then develops to women getting an education, and the women pursuing higher paid jobs such as doctors and lawyers.
Task (Work in Groups of 3)
· Why did the people leave the farms and villages during the industrial revolution?
· What opportunities did the industrial revolution create for the women?
· Why did the people leave the farms and villages during the industrial revolution?
· What opportunities did the industrial revolution create for the women?